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U.S. television stations owned by their own broadcast networks In the United States, (regularly abbreviated as O&O s) constitute only a part of their parent television networks' station bodies, due to ownership limitations enforced by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Currently, the total number of television stations owned by any company (consisting of a tv network) can just reach an optimum of 39% of all U.S.

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Distribution At the dawn of the American television market, each business was only permitted to own a total of 5 television stations around the country. As  This Is Noteworthy , when the networks launched their tv operations, they discovered it more useful to put their 5 owned-and-operated stations in large media markets that had more homes (and for that reason, denser populations) on the belief that it would result in higher revenue.

The five-station limit presented an issue for the Du, Mont Television Network, the first effort at a " fourth" tv network. Paramount Pictures, which had owned KTLA (channel 5) in Los Angeles and WBKB (channel 4, now WBBM-TV on channel 2) in Chicago, owned a share of the network. However, the FCC declared that Paramount controlled Du, Mont and hence prohibited the network and the studio from obtaining anymore stations.

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For much of the period from 1958 to 1986, the significant network-owned stations were distributed as follows: ABC, CBS and NBC each owned stations in the top 3 markets (New york city City, Los Angeles and Chicago). In between 1958 and 1965, fourth-ranked Philadelphia housed CBS-owned WCAU-TV (channel 10) and NBC-owned WRCV-TV (channel 3, now KYW-TV), a station which NBC had obtained 2 years previously through a trade with Westinghouse Broadcasting in return for NBC's tv and radio stations in Cleveland.

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Each network owned stations in other markets where the other networks did not: in addition to Cleveland, these were ABC's KGO-TV (channel 7) in San Francisco and WXYZ-TV (channel 7) in Detroit, NBC's WRC-TV (channel 4) in Washington, D.C., and CBS' KMOX-TV (channel 4, now KMOV) in St. Louis. As a result of a revision to the FCC's media ownership guidelines in 1999, a business can now own any number of tv stations with a combined market reach of less than 39% of the nation, but can not own two of the 4 highest-rated stations in any market.